Technical Guidance Note (Level 1, No. 1): Principles of design

Dead loads (permanent actions) are defined as the weight of static materials contained with a structure. This includes the self weight of the structure as well as the fixed materials it is supporting.

An introduction to the series from the Institution's former Director: Engineering and Technical Services, Sarah Fray.

德有几种变化和条件signer must be aware of when determining wind loads on structures. Based on Eurocode 1: Actions on Structures Part 1-4; General Actions – Wind Actions , this note draws on the UK National Annex as it makes reference to wind speeds that are unique to the UK.